The small plastic filter is called the primary in-line fuel filter.
The big metal filter is called the secondary fuel filter and costs more.
The screen filter in the fuel tank is the fuel strainer.

My 300d running on wvo has many plastic in-line filters and one oil filter/water separator in the engine compartment and I'm about to add another oil filter/water separator so I can reroute the lines when one filter fails so I don't get stranded on the road. You can never have enough filters.

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1987 Mercedes 300sdl, 280k mi (daily driver)
1982 Mercedes 300sd, 205k (occupying driveway)
1985 Mercedes 300d, CA, 148+ mi.
1986 Chevrolet suburban, 50k? or 150k? mi, diesel
1998 BMW 740il, 120k mi (for sale)
1999 Honda CBR900RR, 42k
1997 Jeep Wrangler Sport, 103k miles (sold)