Many of these will cause not only cold start issues, but general running issues, e.g., bad/contaminated fuel, damaged fuel feed line, fuel tank vent, injector/injector pump worn, and so on. Symptoms may be more prevalent when trying to cold start, but are not limited to that. I'd guess that if you have a cold start problem, you can look at this list and try to determine if any additional symptoms could clue you in to narrow down the cause. Perhaps this list with additional symptoms when engine is running would be helpful. Like what would be an additional symptom of Bad Injection Timing? Smokey exhaust? Poor acceleration? I'm not good enough at this game to get to the final round, but maybe some of the Jeopardy champs out there could help out. Remember to phrase your answer in the form of a question!

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mjk

'84 300SD 119KMi (Liesl der Diesel)
'84 300D 326KMi when the oil left (former parts car)
'82 300SD 253KMi (new parts car)