Get some Extra 5/16" ID Fuel Hose and run that to something like of those 2.5 liter Fuel Cans full of Diesel Fuel.

Get on the Hand Primer and pump it until you hear a buzzing sound from the Fuel Pressure Relief/Overflow Valve and then pump it some more maybe 25 times.
Loosen the Fuel Injection Line Nuts at the Injectors and crank and see if you are getting Fuel there.
If so tighten the Nuts and attempt to start.

The above obviously bypasses all of the Fuel lines and Tanks to the Rear. If it works something to the rear is plugged up.
If it does not work try changing the Fuel Filters again and repeat the Hand Primer Pumping even if you fill the Spin-on Filter with Fuel.
You could also do the bleeding at the Injectors again to get any Air out of the lines quickly.

If that does not work you are looking at an issue with the Fuel Supply/Lift Pump or some other no start issue like the Glow Plugs not working or Vacuum is still holding the Shutoff Valve on the IP in the shutoff Position.

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84 300D, 82 Volvo 244Gl Diesel