On most of the differentials, the ratio is stamped into the differential case in the lower left hand flange area, looking at the differential from the back of the car.
I can give you an idea of where to look from this picture, modified with a red circle to show where the stamp is normally located.
Ken300D
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1982 300D at 351K miles
1984 300SD at 217K miles
1987 300D at 370K miles
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