"pressure device which screws to the back of the oil pump "

Greg.....Are you thinking rack damper, that wouldnt be on a 616 tho.

What hes describing sounds like nailing to me but could but could be the air cleaner mounts or something banging due to bad motor mounts like others suggested.

280GE

If I were you I would adjust the valves and check the chain stretch, do a search on timing chain. (oh, check that other stuff on the engine to make sure its not the air cleaner or AC as mentioned) Did you just get this car, or did this rattling show up all of a sudden? Do you have a manual?

Allot of glow plug problems this time of year. Do you have whiteish smoke with this rattling when you fire up?

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1985 Euro 240D 5 spd 140K
1979 240D 5 spd, 40K on engine rebuild
1994 Dodge/Cummins, 5 spd, 121K
1964 Allice Chalmers D15 tractor
2014 Kubota L3800 tractor
1964 VW bug

"Lifes too short to drive a boring car"