The last time my screw on filter plugged up my car acted like yours. It lost power and cut out with low fuel levels. Fill up the tank and it would run great. Finally changed it, and it was back to normal, running fine, even when the guage didn't register. The higher head in the tank helps push fuel to the IP through whatever restriction you have....and it is most likely that you do have one somewhere. The advice above is right on - good luck!

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1976 240D
1987 560SL
2007 E320 Bluetec
1998 C280 (now son’s car)
1982 240D Manual - Sold