Is it necessary to replace the spring clip with a new one when replacing a rear axle shaft? If so, does anyone know the part number (1983 300d) and where to buy one?

no, you can re-use the clip that's there as long as it's not buggered up, which
they're pretty sturdy and shouldn't be a problem. just takes a little persistence
to get the clip out and back in.

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rayroyw
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'85 380SE (238,300) my "new" old car!
'84 300D (303,000+)
'72 250/8 (mercy heaven)

I have done two and reused the clip on both with no problem.

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82 Rabbit diesel (first d), 84 Jetta turbo d (300k when sold), 83 240d (305k when sold), 84 F250 6.9d w/Banks turbo(parts truck), 86 F250 6 cyl.gasser(waiting for 6.9d), 84 300d ( 347k Sold 8/04), Y2k New Bettle TDI (185k miles), 95 740IL (wifes), 87 300TD (206k Sold 7/05), 05 Passat TDI Wagon