Under the hood, Black padded Felt
 

Well, on my 87 300TD... Someone took it off for whatever reason. does this part have a name, and where can I find it?

Do you mean the hood pad? They are usually made of foam.

Yup, hood pad. You can buy it here. Go to this link and then type in "pad" in the keyword search, then look for Hood Pad. (I don't know why searching for "hood pad" returns nothing.)
http://catalog.peachparts.com/ShopByVehicle.epc?q=&yearid=1987%40%401987&makeid=63%40%40MERCEDES+BENZ%40%40X&modelid=6235%3AMBC%7C 1519%3AED%7C10000096%40%40300TD&keyword=pad&subcatid=P:241787@@Hood+Pad&mode=PA

Apparenlty there is a difference between the listed chassis.

The 3M "Super Adhesive" spray works well for sticking it to the hood, you'll probably need two cans of the stuff.

ok, I found the pad, Another question on it. It has 2 different options with 2 vastly different prices, the difference is a Chassis Range... how do i find out what my chassis range is?

This is what the Russian mercedes VIN Decoder says about my car if it helps

Model 300 TD TURBODIESEL
Chassis 1241931F019882
Engine 603960 12 003668
Transmission 722317 02 835779
Order 0 6 704 57230
Approx. year not defined
Dealer United States (USA) (704)
Interior mb-tex saffron (174)
Paint
473 champagne metallic (с 01.01.1978 по 31.12.1988, с 1994)
74 Unknown code
Options
222 right front seat, electrically adjustable (с 01.11.1978)
first aid kit (с 01.11.1962 по 30.09.1970)
240 outside temperature indicator (с 01.03.1982)
second spare wheel (с 01.01.1964 по 28.02.1973)
241 left front seat electrically adjustable with memory feature. only applicable to w 210 when installed in conjunction with code 275. (с 01.03.1983)
wood rims (с 01.01.1964 по 31.08.1971)
286 luggage nets on front seat backrests (с 01.01.1962)
412 electric sliding roof with tilting device (с 01.07.1983)
hydraulic sliding roof, in the rear (с 01.11.1964 по 30.06.1981)
446 tempomat (cruise control), steering column, electrically adjustable, and airbag (с 01.02.1980 по 31.10.1993)
451 revolution counter (с 01.12.1972 по 31.10.1993)
tachometer
power brake (с 01.01.1963 по 30.09.1963)
windshield (laminated glass) (с 01.01.1964 по 31.05.1972)
461 instrument with mileage reading and english lettering (с 01.04.1990)
470 anti-lock braking system (abs) (с 01.06.1978 по 31.10.1993)
special export version 3 (с 01.12.1966 по 28.02.1968)
fan clutch (с 01.04.1970 по 30.11.1976)
491 USA version (с 01.01.1963)
519 Becker radio Grand Prix electronic cassette - USA (с 01.08.1980 по 30.11.1990)
Becker radio Grand Prix LW/MW/SW/USW - USA (с 01.01.1963 по 29.02.1972)
Becker radio Grand Prix stereo MW/USW - USA (с 01.10.1972 по 31.12.1976)
Becker radio Mexico Grand Prix, electronic (USA)
531 automatic antenna (с 01.01.1963)
543 exhaust-pipe cover trim (с 01.01.1963 по 28.02.1963)
seat adapter between the front seats, and halogen lamp unit (с 01.01.1967 по 31.12.1972)
sun visor with vanity mirror, illuminated, left and right (с 01.11.1978)
551 anti-theft warning system (с 01.11.1978 по 31.03.1998)
anti-theft/anti-break-in warning system with anti-towing system (с 01.04.1998)
steering wheel, ivory-colored (с 01.01.1963 по 31.05.1973)
570 folding armrest front w202/210 stowage box front with armrest (с 01.04.1970)
front folding armrest w202 - housing at front with armrest
588 Thermoking air conditioner and electric window lifters (front doors) (с 01.04.1970 по 31.12.1972)
automatic climate control and electric window lifters (front and rear doors) (с 01.01.1977)
593 headlamp flasher and turn signal lamps - italy (с 01.01.1963 по 31.07.1965)
headlamp flasher and turn signal lamps, front, crystal clear (с 01.08.1965 по 31.01.1967)
heat-insulating glass, rear window pane (с 01.02.1967 по 31.01.1971)
heat-insulating glass, all-around, heated rear window pane (single-sheet safety glass), band filter
green heat-insulating glass all round, heated rear window, single pane safety glass - tinted strip (с 01.01.1972)
600 headlamp wiper/washer (с 01.08.1971)
trim strips on hardtop (с 01.04.1963 по 31.07.1971)
611 courtesy lamps for front and rear doors, with W124 also for central doors/W202 front doors only (с 01.11.1978)
sealed beam lamp unit, l.h. traffic (с 01.01.1966 по 28.02.1972)
lamp unit, symmetrical (с 01.01.1962 по 28.02.1963)
639 radial-ply tires, elimination of warning triangle (с 01.11.1973 по 31.10.1974)
elimination of first-aid box and warning triangle (с 01.08.1977)
640 aluminium disc wheels with radial-ply tires (с 01.10.1969 по 31.12.1989)
tires with tube (с 01.01.1963 по 31.08.1965)
15-hole light alloy rims (с 01.01.1990)
673 high-capacity battery (с 01.01.1964)
722 baggage rack, integrated (с 01.07.1981)
807 Change of year of model, last figure shows new model year
844 instrument housing at instrument panel leather trim (с 01.10.1965 по 28.02.1968)
folding seat bench in loading compartment, reverse to direction of travel (с 01.10.1977)

Your chassis is listed above. the 124.193 is your model and remainder beginning with the F is your specific chasis number. So, you want to select the "Chassis Range: 000000 to F081205" option. Looks like you get two price options.

Thanks!