I have a new to me 05 e320 cdi. The low beams point only a couple dozen feet out front and there also seems a shadow on top of the light pattern. High beams are ok. How do I adjust the low beam upwards?

I've never had one that new but the older mb have thumbturns which can be adjusted without any tools. Look around the back of your headlight housing (under the hood).

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[SIGPIC] Diesel loving autocrossing grandpa Architect. 08 Dodge 3/4 ton with Cummins & six speed; I have had about 35 benzes. I have a 39 Studebaker Coupe Express pickup in which I have had installed a 617 turbo and a five speed manual.[SIGPIC]

..I also have a 427 Cobra replica with an aluminum chassis.

are "shaped" to cut off at the top as you have described. That part is normal. You may still have aiming problems correctable by any competent general mechanic shop. Look for one who is licensed for state inspections.