I've had cats crumble inside & plug up, these aren't your symptoms. The red pipe after the cat tells me the cat isn't plugged, but is getting a lot of unburned fuel for whatever reason. From your descriptions, it does sound like your sparks are going to ground. Try running it at night with no lights on. If your rotor was bad, the rest of the ignition system is probably in similar condition. Pull the plugs & clean them while you're at it.

Another possibility is your fresh fillup of fuel. The pumps should run at the first turn of the key before you hit start. It wouldn't hurt to pull a line off and let a little run out. You may have gotten a slug of water in the fuel that's fouling plugs & letting the raw fuel go right through. Water in the gas is a tough one to figure out.

Cam timing is a fairly distant possibility, but real. A visual check should be fairly straightforward.

Best of luck,

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Norm in NJ
Next oil change at 230,000miles