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#1
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Yes, this is a elementary question, but I am looking for a concise answer from you Pros.
My '85 300D smokes when I nail it and when I am running down the highway under a load. It is not super excessive, but noticeable. I am wondering if the pump timing is off or something else. All maintenance is up to date and the car runs well, but I also only achieve 23-25 mpg, while others achieve 27 mpg regularly. Any and all ideas are welcome Thanks. '85 300DTurbo-175,000 miles |
#2
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a diesel smokes under load because there is not enough oxygen in the intake charge for a perfect stoichiometric air-fuel mix.
under ideal conditions, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) should be produced, among other things. If there is not enough oxygen, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon particulates are produced, among other things. It is the carbon particulates that make up the "smoke", since CO is colorless. for this reason, diesels are a good candidate for force-fed induction systems. |
#3
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CO (carbon monoxide), CO2, and H20 (g) are all colorless.
Your car may be regulated as to ratio of gas/air burned in the cylinder. If there was not even air in the cylinder during acceleration, your cylinder would run "rich" and would you find remninces of poor performance symtoms and fuel economy on both gas and diesel engines and most of the time a smokey tailpipe does not necessarily dictate the above. I think in my uneducated opinion, black smoke exiting from diesels is a result of "unburnt" oil leaking through the piston rings, hence not fully combusting. Perhaps this happens more often than gas engines because diesels burn at such higher compression ratios than gas engines that the rings give out sooner or the fact that the smoke is coming out of diesels with tons of miles on the engine. It is not uncommon to find diesels with 250,000 + miles on the road daily. As you can see, smoke does not come out of brand new diesels, it is the ones with lots of mileage. Imagine punching the gas of a brand new diesel and getting that smoke due to lack of air? That would be unacceptable for $50,000. Just my 2 lire. ------------------ '89 420 SEL '90 300 SEL '68 Olds 88 Convertible '84 300 SD (sold it) |
#4
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I AGREE UNDER A STOICHIOMETRIC FUEL MIXTURE NO SMOKE IN A DIESEL CAN BE ACHIEVED, (THE BIG HOWEVER) DIESEL FUEL IS PRIMARYALY REFINED OIL AND IS CUMBUSTED UNDER HIGH COMPRESION. AS DIFFERERENCS IN ALTITUDE CHANGE, COMPRESSION LOWERS DUE TO WEAR, FUEL INJECTION PUMPS USUALLY BECOME RICHER WITH TIME ETC,ETC, IT BECOME INCREALINGLY DIFFICULT FOR A MOTOR TO BURN ALL OF THE OIL IN DEISEL FUEL. THIS RESULTS IN THAT BLUE TO BLACK SMOKE. OF COARSE IF YOU HAVE REALLY BLACK SMOKE LOOK INTO A TURBO OIL SEAL LEAK WHICH INTRODUCES ENGINE OIL INTO THE EXHAUST SYSTEM,RESULTING IN CLOUDS OF SMOKE!!!!!
RETIRED CATAPILAR,DIETZ DIESEL MECH. |
#5
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Check your air filter. It could be partially blocked, restricting air supply to your engine.
Also, have your injection pump calibration checked, most especially fuel quantitiy at full load, and performance of air ratio control (LDA). Often, black smoke is a sign of rich fuel mixture. ------------------ Jake |
#6
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The smoke is the James Bond smoke screen benefit that all of us older diesel owners enjoy. While on the freeway, there was a convertible Mustang full of young girls that I noticed in my rear view mirror. The driver was weaving in and out wrecklessly. She looked barely old enough to be driving. I watched them and unfortunately for them, they got stuck behind me. I was in my '85 300D and I slowed to about 55-60 mph. Suddenly I floored it and out came the smoke screen. After the smoke cleared somewhat, they went around me and as they passed I could still see them waving their hands back and forth in front of their faces to dissipate some of the smoke. Needless to say, all the other drivers who were annoyed with them were laughing as well as I.
------------------ FrankieZ 84 500SEL EURO 87K 85 300D 267K (and still goin' strong) |
#7
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Going from memory and what I remember from my combustion class.
The strange thing about diesels is that their A/F ratio varies from idle to full load. If you look at what happens: The same amount of air (minus induction efficiency at given RPM) is induced into the cylinder at every intake stroke. The fuel is then injected into the air charge. At idle a small amount of fuel is injected and at full load the maximum amount of fuel is injected. The maximum ammount of fuel is designed based on a "fresh" engine. Once the engine gets "tired" it will flow less air, have a higher leak down rate in the cylinder or have a slightly smaller compression ration due to wear ( not much though). All these factor add up and the engine ends up with less air for a given amount of fuel, assuming the amount of fuel does not change. As the engine gets older the the cylinder produces a lower pressure. Combustion efficiency is based in part on the air pressure, and thus heat, in the cylinder. As the pressure falls less fuel can be burn completely. Another factor can be carbon build up in the head or worn injectors. This can cause the fuel to pool up into large droplets. These large droplets will not burn completely in the amount of time that the combusion has to finish. Again, this is from the top of my head. Mark. |
#8
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Thank you all for the articulate responses. I tink I will have the injector pump calibrated when I have the valves done and see if that helps. I do agree that the smoke screen effect is cool at times to thwart off tailgaters. Thanks again.
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