i have an 87 300d; how much oil do i need for an oil change; also what type of filter do i need?

You need 7.5 quarts.

The filter is specific to that engine and can be purchased right on this site.

Or you can procure one from the dealer.

Be certain you get the correct oil, most people use a 15W40 diesel rated oil in the 1 gal jugs, it takes one full jug then almost all of the other jug to fill the engine.
Plan to change oil every 3000 to 5000 mi, lower is better but some people will say the '87 runs cleaner than the OM617 because it has better cylinder rings so the oil can be changed at the longer intervals but I only do that with synthetic oil.

Does your car still have the underbody panels?

I avoid Fram and Bosch filters.
Let us know more about your car! curious people pop up whenever a new owner with an '87 diesel shows up.
DDH

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'95 E320 Wagon my favorite road car. '99 E300D wolf in sheeps body, '87 300D Sportline suspension, '79 300TD w/ 617.952 engine at 367,750 and counting!

They certainly do.............!!!