on a 1977 240D

someone i know was driving around the city, circling blocks looking for a parking spot. apparently during this a radiator hose blew and/or coolant otherwise drained out. the temp gauge on their cluster is non-op so they didnt notice the car overheating at first. apparently they did notice it when lots of coolant/vapor came pouring out from under the hood. at this point the motor died. they were able to get it restarted briefly to pull over for safety until they had it towed here.

what kind of damage could we be looking at here? we started and ran the car again (very briefly, for less than a minute) to move it to the other side of the street. i didnt notice any hard starting/weird noises. should we be looking at testing the system for head gasket failure?

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1981 NA 300D 310k miles