Does anybody know what is this round shaped part on IP for diesel, right next to cutoff vacuum for shutting the engine off. The highiest part on image?

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That is an ALDA. ALDA is a German acronym that I don't remember the words for. The function of the ALDA is to increase the amount of fuel injected in order to match the increased amount of air that the turbo-charger is injecting. The tube connection on the ALDA is connected to the intake manifold to sense the increased pressure. In the original configuration, MB included a safety feature between the intake manifold and the ALDA, which is a high-pressure shut-off solenoid, so that if the turbo-charger waste-gate failed in the closed position and supplied too much air, the pistons would not melt.

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Respectfully,
/s/
M. Dillon
'87 124.193 (300TD) "White Whale", ~392k miles, 3.5l IP fitted
'95 124.131 (E300) "Sapphire", 380k miles
'73 Balboa 20 "Sanctification"
Charleston SC

If memory serves me correctly, ALDA = Automatische Lade Druck Anreichung

Dkr.

Thank You
Only thing that bothers me is that I bought a used fuel pump for my 2.0D (w201) with 4 cyl. that have exact "thing" on it and as I recall, no 2.0D was with turbo charger? Then, for what is used on 4cyl pump?
The picture I posted was from the interenet, just for example

It's a barometric compensator. It adjusts fuel delivery to elevation.

In which case it’s an ADA. Automatic pressure enrichment vs automatic load pressure enrichment.

Sixto
98 E320s sedan and wagon

Thank You. that clears it!