I've only worked on a 617 but I assume the system here is similar - someone can correct me if I'm wrong.
If the A/C vents went out at the same time, it COULDN'T be the shutoff diaphragm because there is NO VACUUM to that diaphragm when the car is running. If the A/C vents stop when you try to turn off the car (with the key) it could be the shutoff diaphragm, but if they are dead when the car is running, it's a leak or the pump.
Check the pump - you should be getting 15+ inches at the main line. Since your brakes were fine, it's probably not that.
That leaves another subsystem messing things up.
You said the locks worked? I'm not sure if you have an electric pump that is only for the locks, but if you do - good for you, you have no door lock leak. If not, it was leftover vacuum in the storage tank in the trunk (it lets you operate the door locks 5 times between recharges).
That leaves the climate control as the main suspect for the leak. Try shutting off the ACC completely and waiting about 30 seconds. Then turn off the car with the key. If it works, you know one of the climate control vacuum pods has a bad diaphragm (also possibly a bad vacuum line, but probably a vacuum diaphragm).
If it doesn't work, use a mityvac to see if the climate control system main line (on my 300D with a 617 it is green) holds a vacuum with the ACC off. If it doesn't you have a bad ACC switchover valve that is leaking in the off position. Not sure where those are in your car.
Hope this helps, it takes quite some time to firmly grasp the logic behind vacuum troubleshooting. If I was unclear, let me know, I'll try to repost.
Also, this is how things would work on a 617. I have noted all the places I think the 603 could be different - let me know if I missed anything.
EDIT:
This would help you find your leak if it's not the engine, and while I believe this is useless because it is definitely engine related (because of the oil in the lines), I'll leave it.
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