How far did you drive after filling it? Basically across the street?

It sounds like you ran out of fuel just as you got to the fuel station and got air in the lines, but it's odd that she could run for a while afterwards. Check all the fuel lines again, from the in hard line to the out hard line. Did you try cracking open the nut on top of the fuel filter a bit and prime with the hand pump? You should see fuel start to come out, and the priming pump should make a squeaking noise (at least mine does). Tighten nut back down then try starting again.

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1984 300D Turbo 350K 50K WVO (two tank) "Maeby"