A spike in PSA could be linked to an infection or cause unknown.

When I said that biopsy was definitive, I should have been more specific...POSiTIVE biopsy is definitive. Negative means you went through a lot of aggravation and still can't be sure. The prostate has the consistency of Jello, so the process of biopsy is like bobbing for apples. If the needle hits something malignant, you lose. If it misses, you may be fine or they may have taken a dozen shots and still missed.

The reason they say that PSA is overdiagnosed is that PC is overdiagnosed. Only a small percentage of prostate cancers are dangerous, and an even smaller percentage are lethal. The only way to know is to let it go and see if the patient lives. So there are any number of patients receiving treatment, but few actually being saved. Here's the truth about statistics: numbers only apply to populations. To a single individual, the results are always binary, yes or no. If you are the one they save, it justifies a hundred being overtreated. If you were overtreated, it's no consolation that someone was saved. And if you've been through the whole process, then in your head you are the one they saved. So it will always be "overdiagnosed" and "overtreated".