Its possable the engine wont turn because the valves are hitting the top of the pistons if the chain jumped more than one tooth. I would back the chain up one tooth and see if that lets it turn. I think it will turn if its off one tooth, which means when you get the chain rolled in you can check the cam and crank marks and sort that out. Then you will have to pull the IP and re install it but its not a big deal on a 240. Then it will need to be timed but like dkveuro said you can worry about that later.

Something like that happened to me the first time I did a chain on my daughters 240.

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1985 Euro 240D 5 spd 140K
1979 240D 5 spd, 40K on engine rebuild
1994 Dodge/Cummins, 5 spd, 121K
1964 Allice Chalmers D15 tractor
2014 Kubota L3800 tractor
1964 VW bug

"Lifes too short to drive a boring car"