Yes, the intercooler, turbo, or anything else you can do to allow the engine to ingest more air allows you to inject more fuel without ill effect. The factory, I'm sure, set up the injection system to add more fuel to take advantage of the turbo and intercooler.

Where the intercooler would do no good, would be if you simply added an intercooler to the intake system and did not turn up the injection system to take advantage of it.

This is why doing the normal breathing modifications to a diesel like every hot rodder has done to their favorit V8, has no real effect unless the injection system is modified. By the same token, turning up the injection system without introducing more air in the cylinders will indeed add some more power, but at the expense of shortened engine life.

Have a great day,