All good information. Thank you all.
Right now, I am focusing on the centrifugal switch. Please look at this pic.
Is that the centrifugal switch? If it is, it is obviously corroded but it appears to be intact. I can't figure out how it works becasue I can't see any electrical connections to it. It just seems to be connected to the motor shaft.
Any way to test it? How do you remove it to replace it?