Sounds like excessive current draw to me.

Check the connection between ground strap from starter to frame, and from negative battery cable to frame. Either connection can corrode, and cause severe current draw problems.

Also, check the engine for ease of rotation -- if you have a bad water pump, power steering pump, or dragging AC compressor, you won't have enough power from the battery to turn the engine over fast enough. Ditto for ruined crank bearings (shudder).

Do you hear the starter engage? That is, do you hear a loud CLICK at the starter when you turn the key?

And did you get a Bosch rebuild or new starter, or just a cheap rebuild from the "guys down the street"? When these starters go bad, it is usually because the windings have excessive resistance. cleaning it up, putting in new brushes, and turning the commutator, the usual gas engine starter rebuild, won't fix the problem. The starter still won't work.

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1972 220D ?? miles
1988 300E 200,012
1987 300D Turbo killed 9/25/07, 275,000 miles
1985 Volvo 740 GLE Turobodiesel 218,000
1972 280 SE 4.5 165, 000 - It runs!