The S-Class climate control system uses the evaporator temperature sensor as a means to detect low refrigerant level. If the sensor is reading incorrectly, but plausibly, it can shut the A/C compressor off without storing any fault codes. To put it simply, the AAC control unit thinks the system is low on freon.

Assuming the system is correctly charged, you'll need an SDS to fix the problem. The programming in either the Electronic Ignition Switch (EIS), or the AAC module needs to be changed. The coding option "Refrigerant Level Check" should be set to NOT ACTIVE.