Well for one intercooling a non-turbo engine would not help anything at all, just cause a restriction in the intake, also the W116 has the same intake manifold as the rest of the turbo engines (some with out EGR though), but yes a N/Aed turbo engine would probably last longer than a factory N/A engine. How much longer is a matter of speculation though

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1979 240D- 316K miles - VGT Turbo, Intercooler, Stick Shift, Many Other Mods - Daily Driver

1982 300SD - 232K miles - Wife's Daily Driver

1986 560SL - Wife's red speed machine