You actually have 2 Fuel Systems.
The Fuel Supply System.
And, the Fuel Injection System (the high pressure Fuel supplied to the Injectors).

You bleed the Air out of the Fuel Supply system by pumping on the Hand Primer as described in some of the Previous Posts.

If after changing the Filters you did not do an adequate job getting the Air out of the Fuel Supply System; Air gets into the Fuel Injection System.

This is the Hard Injector Fuel Lines between the Fuel Injection Pump and the Injectors. If you get Air in the Hard Lines the Air likes to compress a lot and move only a little. You can easily deaden a use Battery trying to clear the Air out of them.
The solution is to get a 17mm Wrench and loosen the Hard Line Nuts at the Injectors and crank the Engine until Fuel comes out from under the Nuts.
Loosening the Hardline Injector Nuts allows the Air to escape.

After the Fuel Comes out tighten the Nuts and attempt to start.

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84 300D, 82 Volvo 244Gl Diesel