You really don't know what you're talking about on this subject, there was established government, not unexpectedly community leaders where people of religious standing where often in official office concurrently. There is a vast historical record of the times and in particular the Salem episode, every person was given a trial that was fair according to the rule of law in that day. The same procedures, processes and standards that any murderer or thief would have had. The laws where different and took into account the understandings and priorities of the day and had been implemented by the population. While not as equitable a democracy as today the population at large assembled, debated, conferred, and implemented laws.

By virtue of its corporate charter the Massachusetts Bay Colony had a fairly rigid governmental structure headed by a governor, with county and municipal subdivisions. With the exception of Acadian France in Louisiana most of the US eventually followed this model