The new (used) starter is in and WOW what a difference is the sound of the cranking RPM! It starts immediately upon turning the key! I will take a reading with my phototach and post a sound file later. The bad starter's armature also has a short to ground (shaft/core) of 12 ohms (should be infinite).

With the bad starter and a hot engine after shuut down for 1/2 hour, I'd always have to glow the glow plugs or else it won't start on VO or diesel. With the new faster
starter, it now starts on VO or diesel without glowing the glow plugs! My glow plugs are manually controlled, i.e. they do not come on with the key.

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85 300D turbo pristine w 157k when purchased 167,870 July 2025
83 300 D turbo 297K runs great. SOLD!
83 240D 4 spd manual- parted out then junked