If your Fuel is contaminated; and that happens often when you buy Fuel from previously unknown sources a New Filter can last a matter of minutes.

On my Volvo Diesel I have gone as long a 5 years with out changing the Fuel Filter (it has only one filter). But, 99% of the time I buy from the same station. The Fuel Tank is big enough I can go back and forth on one Tank on the longest trips I make.

Since it appears that you got a load of contaminated Fuel you might want to treat the Fuel with something to avoid something growing in your Tank. Lot of threads on that.

But, since anyone can get a bad Tank of Fuel having a spare Filter/s is a good thing.

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84 300D, 82 Volvo 244Gl Diesel