Thanks for the hint about "dropping the valve", that's exactly what I was looking for to determine tdc. I've done this with a screwdriver down the spark plug hole before, but didn't think I could do it through an injector port.

The shaft looks as though a balancer has spun on it before, there is noticeable galling on the surface, I'm sure that is why it was epoxied. I found that McMaster offers a loctite product especially for this case. I will also use heat on installation.
McMaster-Carr

As far as the spacer ring goes, I'll see if the dealer has one on my way home tonight, but mine looks perfect, so scoring or marks of any sort. Whunter seems to think it should be fine. "It should be noted that if the spacer ring is not damaged, it does need to be replaced."