Hey, you're fast!

I see a couple of things going on. Based on your pressure readings in the initial post, I think you need a compressor. Specifically, this car has a variable displacement compressor, and I think the mechanism that controls displacement to keep the low side pressure at ~35 is shot. This is reinforced by the data from item 7, whcih shows 10.0 bar of pressure in the system at start, later dropping to 8 bar. Not sure if the compressor control mechanism can be replaced independently of the compressor itself.

The evaporator temperature sensor (item 5 in the diag data) appears to be bad. It shows 140+ degrees consistently. Should start out at ambient and drop to the temp of air coming off the evap - about 35 degrees.

The duovalve looks fine. The heater cores initially drop to ~55 degrees, then rise back up to ambient when the a/c stops cooling.

I'll note that your heater cores drop to 53 and 57 degrees respectively. On this car (w210 chassis) a low refrigerant charge results in only the right (passenger) side of the car being cooled, the driver side gets little or no cooling. So you look to be a bit low on refrigerant. I would not bother to top it up, given the way the compressor is behaving.

Other data from the outside and in-car temp sensors, refrigerant temperature, etc. all look reasonable.