Are you using the MB Transmission in your Boat? Or are you using a Trans gear Box designed for a boat application?
The VCV is the whitish plastic thing on the top rear of the Injection Pump. this is for the shifting of the Auto Transmission in the car.
Lower down between the Injection Pump (IP) and Oil Filter housing is the vacuum fuel shutoff valve. looks like a small can with a metal nipple a vac hose connects to. when Vac is applied to this valve, it shuts down the engine.
1979 Mercedes-Benz 240D Sedan - Fuel Injection - Page 1
The vent tube in the Valve Cover, should run over to the intake manifold on the 240D. 82 and 83 has a black rubber oil separator it goes to first then to the intake. If this is blocked off, then the Blow By pressures in the engine can shut the eng down by applying pressure to the Vacuum Fuel shutoff valve.
You could have a plugged up fuel filter, this will cause low power too.
A valve adjustment can do wonders also.
Post a picture of how you have it set up.
Charlie