Generally speaking...no. the engine will have other damage besides the VC.
Bent Valves, broken Cam Shaft, bent twisted Rockers. Cracked head etc...
You won`t know if the Rods are bent or a cracked piston.
I would just R&R the engine with a good known one, and then deal with the broken one later.
With the blown engine, it is a $600 vehicle and a PNP candidate.
I had this happen at 65mph. every Valve hit a piston top.
At 331K miles, we just replaced the engine.
If this SD is in good condition other wise and you can get it cheap enough, go for it.
As to your 240D.
I think Roy, Whunter said he just replaces the chain after 150K miles, and especially when buying a new/used one. But with the mileage you mentioned. I would replace it and the plastic rails. The Sprokets will wear to a point, and they can add wear to your new chain. it is easy for the cam Sproket, the others a bit more work. It will be pricy to do it. If you do, use a German IWIS Chain.
Here is a good thread:
http://www.peachparts.com/shopforum/diesel-discussion/305365-9-degrees-chain-stretch.html
Have you checked the Timing Chain stretch? There is the 2mm lift check.
PeachPartsWiki: Measuring Timing Chain Stretch
Charlie