On my 115 it's very easy to cross thread the main filter bolt and get that thing snugged down with a huge gaping space where there shouldn't be. Not sure of the torque spec but you don't need to go crazy. Tight but don't force it.

When you are putting it back in, always run your hand up around the filter canister and feel that its sitting flush with the top.

I watched some guys at a 76 station do the very thing you described when I was young and not changing the oil yet. Fortunately they test started it for leaks before just assuming it was fine.

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63 220S W111
76 300D W115
2013 VW JSW TDI M6

previously-
73 280 SEL 4.5
86 300E 5 speed
2010 VW Jetta TDI M6