If you don't have a multimeter, you can get free w/ coupon at HF Tools. Should be a simple diagnosis. The connections are in the black plastic terminal strip just fwd of the battery. There is no fuse between starter and battery, just a direct cable. I hope you removed one battery cable (usually BATT-) before replacing the starter. If not, you could have gotten a massive short circuit if the starter cable touched grounded metal (almost assured). That would have been like an electric welder, but perhaps happened when you weren't around to see it. Could melt the cable or destroy the battery.

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1984 & 1985 CA 300D's
1964 & 65 Mopar's - Valiant, Dart, Newport
1996 & 2002 Chrysler minivans