I think the shift from hunter-gatherer to pastoral-farming is symbolically described in the Bible in the relationship between Cain and Able. Able represents the hunter-gathers while Cain, the pastoralist and farmer.

The pastoralist-farmers supplant the hunter-gatherers. This was repeated frequently in history. In fact it is part of the history, mythology and legends of the USA, in which European pastoralists-farmers supplanted all native american hunter gatherers and essentially absorbed native american pastoralists and farmers. Think Zuni, Navaho, Salish, and Kootenai who were mostly sedentary pastoralists and farmers as compared to Sioux, Kiowa, an Apache. Yeah, there were exceptions like Andrew Jackson's attempted genocide of the Choctaw Cherokee. Even so it generally fits the pattern.

Later the Bible records the transition from power shift pastoralist-farmer to urbanites by David's bringing the Holy of Holies into Jerusalem.

I wouldn't dream of suggesting the Bible as a source for scientific understanding. But it is useful as a symbolic representation of many societal transitions.