So long as you turn off electrical loads like the blower and stereo, you can run a 240D forever with the alternator belt removed. No electrical power required for them to run. With the fan belt off, keep your running to a few minutes at most. You won't have any water circulation, so you don't want to overheat the engine.

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Current stable:
1995 E320 157K (Nancy)
1983 500SL 125K (SLoL)

Gone but not forgotten:
1986 300SDL (RIP)
1991 350SD
1991 560SEL
1990 560SEL
1986 500SEL Euro (Rusted to nothing at 47K!)

Gone and wanting to forget:
1985 524TD 167K (TotalDumpster™) [Definitely NOT a Benz]