Sounds like you installed while retaining switchgear. This would be second option in this link except you chose to use Ignitor II. Connect on ignition switch side of 0.4 ohm resistor.
https://www.benzworld.org/threads/pertronix-install-with-and-without-switchgear.1714668/
Christuna has a good point. You need to make sure the #1 cyl *or passenger cam marks) and the Balancer marks on crank are at TDC, then the rotor should be pointing to the mark at about 1 o'clock on rim of distributor. That would be first thing to check.
Seeing you have a new cap, check that it is seated properly and that the rotor hasn't caused any damage to the contacts.
Spin engine and check for spark, perhaps using a spare plug on one of the wires. If you have spark, you may have messed something up with trigger points (Did you install new or "adjust" the existing?) The short burst at start could be fuel just coming from cold start valve. Try carefully spraying some fuel into intake while cranking. If engine keeps running while doing that, then you have a fuel problem.
Pertronix say you must use non copper cored wires with the Pertronix II because it has electronics that can be damaged. For that reason, many of us have used and have had long term success with the Pertronix I (1885) with standard copper cored wires.
To be sure wires are in correct place, I was having similar problem many years ago!
http://www.peachparts.com/shopforum/1649512-post3.html
If you look down at the right angle, you can locate the pointer for the damper. Use a small flashlight at first. Once you know where to look, the pointer will be visible! Paint a line at TDC and say 10BTDC on the balancer so the marks will be more visible. Easier to get to those for paint from under the car.
Once engine is running, set timing to TDC or even 5degBTDC at 700rpm.