i haven't used my scope in a couple of years and i'm rusty with the formulas. you would need a magnification in the neighborhood of 150x for planetary detail.
telescope math
filters can also be of help and are relatively inexpensive. this is from an often quoted article on the subject:
for Mars:
#25 Red passes the predominant reflections of surface plains and maria, and #21 Orange is good for reducing the intense glare to enhance detail and mottling. The polar caps stand out with #15 Deep Yellow and #80A Medium Blue; examine the melt lineswith #58 Green.