I would be happy to offer an overview of Canadian politics.
The country is run by the Prime Minister who prisides over
the federal house of parliament. This is an elected group
of 308 members who propose legislation and vote to pass
that legislation into laws. The Prime Minister is advised by
his cabinet. Cabinet members are regular members of
parliament who are picked by the Prime Minister to head
goverment agencies like the Ministry of Finance, Defence,
Environment, etc.
When a federal election is called, each of 308 ridings have
a list of declared candidates who run for election. They
compete to become the member for the riding. Most have
a party of affiliation. Currently, the elected members' parties
are Liberal, Conservative, BQ-Bloc Quebecois, NDP-New
Democratic Party and one independent. The candidate who
gets the most votes in a riding becomes elected. In a riding
with 3 strong candidates, the winner could be elected with
much less than 50% of the vote.
During election night, a count of winning candidates is kept
by party of affiliation. The party who has the most elected
candidates forms the federal government. Their party leader
becomes the Prime Minister. With 308 members of parliament,
the governing party needs at least 155 in order to have a
majority in the house. With a majority of even 155 to 153, the
government can pass all proposed legislation. In this election,
the incumbent Liberal party candidates won 135 ridings. This
is well short of their previous total of 172. In parliament, a
vote on a bill could now result in a vote of 135 in favor, 173
opposed. The bill(s) would not pass and the government
would not have the confidence of the house. Canadian law
basically doesn't let a party govern in this case. In order to
prevent a 135-173 vote, the Prime Minister will ask one of
the other party leaders to put aside their differences and
side with his party on house votes. In return for joining
the Prime Minister in a coalition, the junior party leader
will be justified in asking for some of his causes to be implimented
by the government. Usually this doesn't happen, officially.
The government puts forward their own causes and normally
they have a majority of members so anything they propose
is approved.
When a legislation is approved by the house, it is next reviewed
by the Canadian senate. This is a group of appointed people
who review and approve proposed legislation. How the senate
is established and how it works is a separate, advanced topic.
Legislation approved by the house and the senate is next sent
to the Queen's Canadian representative. The Governor General
must approve and sign legislation before it becomes the law.
The Governor General is also a separate, advanced topic.

The Canadian system is based on the British parliament and
has evolved over the past 137 years. It isn't a perfect system.
Members and parties can rule without a majority of voter support.
Historical inequities are present in the system. The senate is
basically an ineffective organization. On the plus side, Canada
is a democracy. Every riding gets represented. The system
can be improved gradually. Whether it is currently a good or
bad system of government is debated constantly. In the end,
it has kept the country together since 1867 and is a better system
than many other options.

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VR
1967 250SL