My cousin had an error similar to yours back in 2016.

His issue was on a 98 S-class so I'm not sure it completely is applicable to your situation but here's a link to that thread.

http://www.peachparts.com/shopforum/tech-help/380512-1998-w140-s500-no-start-start-error-displayed-odometer.html

In his case the 'Start error' message appeared in the instrument cluster because the DAS module wan't being powered by a mechanically faulty fuse. DAS stands for "Drive Authorization System" and it plays a key role in the whole overly complex and convoluted Mercedes anti-theft sequence-of-events that happens seamlessly every time you start the car.

You mentioned a no-codes situation? What kind of scan tool did you use? A generic OBDII type scan tool isn't going to provide the kind of information you're going to need to diagnose issues with the Mercedes drive authorization procedures. I'm pretty sure your issue is related to a drive authorization error of some kind.

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